In the second method, permeable/rough structures can be directly applied in the experiment. Then, an empirical roughness factor is used to adjust for permeability and roughness. In the first method, the structure is assumed to be impermeable. Generally, there are two main approaches to model wave reflections from coastal structures. To overcome the problems mentioned above, sloped and rubble mound seawalls can be used. Although the ability of a seawall to absorb the incident wave energy is represented by the reflection coefficient, too much reflection might result in the formation of standing waves, increased velocities for water particles, beach erosion, and eventually undermining the structure. Vertical impermeable seawalls present a high reflection coefficient of around 90–100%. As one of the most critical mechanisms of wave dissipation in a seawall, wave reflection might cause erosion along the face of the structure. In a seawall, the energy of the incident wave is dissipated through several mechanisms, including the wave breaking and porous flow in the mound structure, partially reflecting wave to the sea, as well as penetration and overtopping into the port. The primary goal of constructing a coastal defense structure is to protect berths, maneuvering areas, and port facilities against waves.
Steeper slopes resulted in higher reflection coefficients and lower water level fluctuations near the seawall. Both the reflection coefficient and the water level fluctuations are greatly dependent on the slope of the seawall. Generally, increasing the wave period resulted in higher reflection coefficients and water level fluctuations. Meanwhile, a direct relationship was found between the wave height and the water level fluctuations near the wall. The results showed that increasing the wave height slightly decreases the reflection coefficient. After validating the numerical results with the experimental data, a parametric study is performed to evaluate the effects of the wave height, wave period, and the slope of the seawall on the water level fluctuations and the wave reflection coefficient. Then, the interaction of waves with the seawall is simulated using a well-known numerical smoothed particle hydrodynamics model named DualSPHysics. First, a MIKE 21 SW model is used to transform the deep-water wave data to the nearshore zone.
In this research, a comprehensive study is performed to investigate the interaction of regular waves with the impermeable seawall of the Chabahar port.
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